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Understand your mutual fund returns

Short explainers for investors who want to know what their money actually earned, and why different apps show different numbers.

• XIRR in plain English

  What XIRR measures, and how it differs from CAGR and absolute return, with a worked example.

• Why your app's return differs from your real return

  Absolute return, trailing return, CAGR and XIRR answer different questions. Here is which is which.

• How to read your CAS

  Folios, scheme headings, opening balances and transactions: a walk through your consolidated account statement.

These articles explain how returns are measured. They are general information, not advice about any fund or about your own investments.